高考英语语法填空题解题步骤及技巧

语法填空是近年英语推出的一种新题型。这类题型可以全面检测同学们在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，也能更科学地反映同学们的英语综合水平。奇速英语老师总结了如下解题3步骤及10大答复技巧：

1. 浏览全文、明确大意。

浏览全文的目的是为了能尽快把握其大意，利用大意这条“主线”引导自己，为下一步“填空”做好准备。此外，在通读全文的过程中，还应弄清文章的体裁、题材(话题)、中心思想、写作主线、段落层次等。这些了解有利于考生真正读懂全文大意，也有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。

2. 细读全文，逐项填空。

在了解了文章大意之后，就可以着手填空了。填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”(已给出提示词的除外)和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。遇到一时想不起来或无法确定的题目，先跳过去，不要花费太多的时间停留在一个空上。对于这些没有填的题目，有可能后面的内容会给出提示，或者在核查时可进一步联系上下文进行推理。

3. 复读全文，调整答案。

在答题时间充足的情况下，进行复查是必要的。复查的方法是：将所有答案“填进”短文中并进行通读，最后确定答案。通读时要注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，避免出现前后矛盾或句子不通顺的问题。一旦理顺了全文信息，多数空也已经填好，一开始感到棘手的难题很有可能会迎刃而解了。

这个题型大致分为两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。下面，奇速英语老师就和大家分享十种答题技巧，希望对大家有所帮助。

已给单词提示题型的技巧

此类题可以考查学弟学妹对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。

技巧一：名词形式变化

名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。

例：There are many students living at school, the____ （child） houses are all far from schoo1.

由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格children's。

技巧二：动词形式变化

动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化（时态、语态、语气），有非谓语的变化（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）。

例：A talk____ （give） tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.

句中的is written是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。

技巧三：代词形式变化

代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词（主格和宾格）、物主代词（形容词性和名词性）、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等。

例：The king decided to see the painter by____ （he）.

由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。

技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化

英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和.est，或在词前I more／less和most／least，且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。

例：I am____ （tall）than Liu Wen. He is the tallest students in my class.

此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。

技巧五：数词形式变化

数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one／two的特殊变化形式 once／twice

例：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses. My eldest son shall take a half，my second son shall take a____ （three）.

从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。

未给单词提示题型的技巧

此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。

技巧六：固定短语结构

根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。

例1：The children were playing on the ground, enjoying ____, dirty but happy.

从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enj0y oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。

例2：His boss was ____ angry as to fire him.

如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as to...，所以，so是正解。

技巧七：从句引导词

从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学弟学妹对引导词的掌握程度。

例1：He did not done _____his father had asked him to do.

审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。

例2：Those _____want to go to the village must sign here.

经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who，在定语从句中做主语。

技巧八：短语动词结构

短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。

例1：The us consists ____fifty states.

根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表“由......组成”，所以答案是of。

例2：Mrs. Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask for leave to take _____of her．

生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。

技巧九：短语介词结构

短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。

例1：Mr. Smith took a plane to London ____of taking a train.

此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of。

例2：Just then，he saw a blackboard in _____of him.

细心观察，可以看出填人front即可构成in front of，此题得解。

技巧十：连词、关联短语结构

常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both…and...，either…or...，neither…nor...，not only…but also...等。

例1：Little Wang Jun could not go to school, _____his family was too poor.

此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。

例2：____ Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre.

横线处的词与后面可以构成both... and，故答案为Both。

附2018高考英语语法填空实例解析

2018高考真题英语 全国1卷语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.

While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).

The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ... it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.

参考答案

61. longer 62. to see 63. dying

64. is 65. than 66. that/which

67. causes 68. strengthen 69. energetic

70. it/running

61题考察形容词的比较级特别简单，可能初中生都可以做出来，因为看到空格之后的than就可以知道括号中的形容词需要变为比较级，而且这个词完全就是初中词汇。

62题考察的是不定式做目的状语，属于非谓语里的基本知识考察，这也验证了橙子妈妈一直和学生所说的高考非谓语只考察基本的三种形式：to do, doing, done完全没必要担心会考察到having done之类的形式，为什么橙子妈妈敢这么说因为近5年都没有出现，除了一些地区的模拟考试偶尔会有。

63题非谓语动词的doing形式考察，介词of之后接动名词，没有难度。

同样64题还是没有什么难度的题be动词的变化，考前橙子妈妈和学生说过这个题考了三年了，然而很多学生还是出错，不是因为不会而是不敢相信高考会考察这么简单的知识点，我的学生我都会告诉他相信你自己，高考不会全是难题，简单的题目照样会出现！这不，今年又出现了！

65题是一个句意理解的题目，如果不理解句子可能就会出现错误，其实就是running和后三种形式的对比同样是比较级的使用，前面有一个more出现了，所以今年考试形容词闪亮登场了。

66题考察定语从句，这也是橙子妈妈反复和学生强调的，高考定语从句最喜欢考察这种了，2015年就考过类似的，先行词是地点结果所填的关系词是which，因为地点做主语，同样今年也是如此，先行词是时间，却是用来做主语，自然填的是which或者that啦，对于成绩好的学生这是非常容易理解的。

67题考察的是名词的单复数形式，高考必考的内容，前面一个代词all决定了后面所需要的是名词。

68题词性变化，名词变动词的使用，不定式to之后接的是动词原形所以填strength。

69题考察词性变化，理由就是is之后接的是形容词；

最后一题70题考察的是纯空格中宾语缺失的问题，只能选择代词，这个时候it就是你应该锁定的对象！

2018年英语全国卷Ⅱ卷语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Diets have changed in China – and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.

A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.

According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 – when the government 68 (start) a soil – testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers – and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission (排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.

参考答案

61. has grown

62. the

63. actually

64. to improve

65. Than 66. pollution 67. global 68. started

69. that / which

70. feeding

2018年英语全国卷 Ⅲ卷语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

I’m not sure 61is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 63 (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 65 (challenge).

My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a 66 (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.

When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68 (they) alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69 (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: “I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and watch.

参考答案

61. which

62. the

63. loudest

64. looking

65. challenged

66. scientist

67. for

68. them

69. meant

70. to stay

2018年浙江卷语法填空真题

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out. I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 60 (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.

While regularly eating out seems to 61 (become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 62 (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 63 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.

If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 65 dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.

参考答案

56. dishes

57. who / that

58. it

59. visiting

60. was shocked

61. have become

62. affordable

63. higher

64. weight

65. for